Sphalerite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sphalerite - Essay ExampleAs sphalerite is soft and fragile it is mostly best left unset as collectors or museum pieces. Gem-quality square is usually a yellowish to honey brown, red to orange, or greenThere are a number of ways sphalerite is formed bacterium also play a role in its formation. In the regions where there is low oxygen solution such as flooded tunnels the bacterias take in atomic number 30 and sulfur from the water and combine them to create a byproduct of sphalerite known as sulfide, which reacts with the metals including zinc creating insoluble products. This build up of microbial precipitation by the bacteria have led to the discovery of large zinc sulfide deposits by the miners. The biofilm formed is grey in color and is that developed naturally to form sphalerite.Sphalerite is a cubic crystal with zinc and sulfur atoms tetrahedrally coordinated. This structure is similar to that of diamond. The hexagonal analogue is known as wurtzite structure. The lattice con stant for zinc sulfide in the zincblende crystal structure is 0.596 nm, calculated from geometry and ionic radii of 0.074nm (zinc) and 0.184nm (sulfide). It forms ABCABC layers.Sphalerite is obtained from underground minelaying. ... It forms ABCABC layers.MiningSphalerite is obtained from underground mining. It is the ore of zinc that is formed in veins which are layers of rocks and minerals formed underground. It is found in sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Sphalarite accumulates in deposits which can extend far underground. Thus underground mining is most suitable other methods would be too expensive and difficult. The underground excavation is determined by strip ratio method which is the total mensuration of waste materials that need to be removed in proportion the amount of ore. Thus minimum possible waste is extracted. The underground mine of sphalerite lie in of sophisticated network of tunnels, shafts and equipments. It is entered through a shaft, a horizontal t unnel or an adit which is a horizontal entry way. There are several(prenominal) levels in the underground mine and sphalerite in mined in rooms called stopes. It is drilled and blasted out taking care of the ceiling so that the mine does not collapse. Sphalarite mining process involves a number of equipments. Continuous mining machines are used which cut through rocks and pull them up, even separating the unuseable ore from waste rock all in one system. Dump trucks are used in the mine to carry material to appropriate locations to different part of the mine. At times shuttle cars are also used. Today in the modern era mining is a highly technological and mechanized process. school vehicles, rail systems and state-of-the-art drilling systems are bought from manufacturers and suppliers. Ventilation systems pump in fresh air while removing poisonous gases and dust. Also, the roof is supported by timber, cover or even steel supports. Steel rods are

Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Governance - Essay ExampleAccording to laws and theory, the jump on of directors working in any not-for-profit organization are in charge and responsible for the accountability of the organizations policies. The individuals working in a nonprofit organization are make by the fact that they serve the members of the community. They feel satisfied for serving the community although they may not get as much compensation as the members of other(a) profit organizations. IRS believes that the better the government of the tax exempted firms the more their compliance will be increased (Schuster, 2011). The IRS has been occupyed in finding that how non-profit organizations (tax exempted) govern themselves. The theory puke the governance is that well governed organizations often comply with the tax laws, safeguard their assets and smoothly carry forward their charitable mission than the organizations with law control. In 2007, Good governance practiced for 501 (c) (3) was published by IRS which consisted of guidelines for the non-profit organization on how they may increase their accountability, their transparency policies, achieve regulatory compliance and can carry on with their situation of tax prerogative. IRS released several different materials regarding the topic of governance. Recently IRS is conducting a training session for the IRS personnel who are working in non-profit organizations (Nonprofit Governance and the IRS, 2010). The role of board members in non-profit organizations has been important. To meet the needs of the society and to work within the limited resources the board members essential work towards strategies and leadership whose main focus is financial sustainability in the organization. It must be a difficult task for the board members to bring their organization to the speed of the current governance practices (Boards and Governance, 2013). The United States congress and IRS have shown interest in the regulation of the non-profit organiz ations. The IRS suggests that the activities of the tax exempted organizations must be in accordance with its tax exempted purpose. The board of directors of such organizations must be in charge of monitor that whether or not the organization is working in accordance with the policies and purpose of its establishment. The statement written by the non-profit organization in its application for tax exemption must be clear. The board of director must act within their full capacity for achieving the goals of the tax exempting organizations. Any conflict that may prevail in the organization must be addressed by the board of directors. The boards of directors are the most valuable sources of the tax exempted organization according to the IRS. The policies of the tax exempted organization must be transparent so that it must be held accountable for its actions. The filing of the tax exempted organization with the IRS must be correct and accurate. There must be transparency in their mission of establishment. Certain filings of the tax exempted organization must be stated on their official website for the purpose of review by the prevalent public. IRS has shown interest in paying closer attention to the fund tiptop activities of the tax exempting organization. IRS has allocated the duty of the board of directors to regularly monitor all the fund raising

Design of Delay Unit Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Design of Delay Unit - Lab Report ExampleThis means that the pin will deliver only 200mA drop 6 this is the threshold pin of the chip. This pin detects twain thirds of the rail voltage for it to make a LOW state output only if pin two is in HIGH state. This pin contains a very high impedance and introductions at about 1uA. A 555 timer based oscillator is a lick that generates highly and clear free running waveforms. The output frequency of these waveforms can be adjusted by connecting an RC circuit with one capacitor and two resistors. This circuits is a display case of the general relaxation oscillator which generates squ be waveforms that are stable. These waveforms can check a fixed frequency of about 500 kHz or it can have duty cycles that are varying from fifty to a hundred percent. Unlike monostable circuits that stops after the pre-set time has elapsed, this oscillator circuit has a re-triggering mechanism achieved by interfacing the trigger input pin two and pin six wh ich is the threshold voltage. This makes the device to be an astable oscillator circuit. In the above oscillator circuit, pin two and pin six are connected together. This allows the circuit tio have a self-triggering mechanism in each operation cycle. This makes the circuits operation a free running oscillator. This circuit is also known as voltage-to-frequency converter. This is because its output frequency can be varied by varying the applied input voltage. These waveforms can have a fixed frequency of about 500 kHz or it can have duty cycles that are varying from fifty to a hundred percent.

Crosscultural Miscommunication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crosscultural Miscommunication - Essay ExampleNegotiating styles of Australians and Canadians are explored to identify their similarities and differences against the GLOBE framework. It is seen that dialog skills are of primary greatness for any leadership position across all kinds of businesses and it determines the success of the business to a large extent. Negotiation is of relevance when there is a need to fulfill common goals and the same needs to be communicated to the other parties. Also, when communication and personality differences are identified, need for negotiation can arise. In such situations, the participants are needful to have a clear idea of the goals needed to achieve and also be aware and respect the differences in communication and personality styles (Walters, 2007). Wade observes that a culturally common solution is offered at the beginning of any negotiation (1999). both(prenominal) Australians and Canadians prefer to start an informal conversation before the actual negotiation process. Australians tend to prefer straight forwardness as their Canadian counterparts and do not leave much to be interpreted in a conversation. Both have a culture of saying no directly when they are uncomfortable with the negotiations.

Purpose of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Purpose of Art - Essay ExampleThe mood was somber yet violent interpret an ongoing fierce battle field with a raging battle fought in defiance between male and female in order to assoil supremacy.Heart of Andes was by artificer Fredric Edwin Church who was born on the 4th of May 1826, in Hartford, Connecticut. He was an American landscape artist who always employ a dimension of spirituality in his work and this painting was commissioned in 1859.Interpretation of the meaning -.Beautifully executed piece of work where the artist brings taboo the beauty and serenity of the landscape. The meaning portrayed here is that it is possible for human beings to be one with Gods bountiful nature without destroying it. He had dispassionate the painting with beautiful trees, rivers and mountains which remind us that it is impossible to imagine our world without them.Mood The mood that the painting denotes is one of peace and calm showing that the artist would have been in a very peaceful moo d while painting this picture. It kindles the audience to reflect on the wonderful gift of nature in all its beauty.The VolgaBoat - men,was by ILYA Repin, a Ukrainian artist born in 1844. He was given extensive and intensive training from his childhood and became an movie painter since then. He entered St. Petersburg at the age of 19 during the time of the rebellion,when young artists refused to work on any mythological subject but instead cute to doreal life subjects. The Barge Hollows of Volga 1817- 1873 was his first major work. He was introduced to impressionism when he went to Paris.Interpretation of the meaning - It shows the hard or harsh reality of life. It similarly depicts cheap labor almost amounting to slavery. The sadexpression on each face tells that they cannot escape. The sad and tired lines on their facesand the dragging oftheir feet give the mood of

Poverty in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Poverty in Texas - Essay ExampleOne such example is of Texas which is under the dirt of United States of America. It is analyzed that around 3.8 million people living in Texas were below the poverty line specified by the government in 2006. And if the former records are analyzed it can be said that the rate of poverty is going to increase further in the recent years (Center for Public insurance policy Priorities 2008).Texas is the second largest state in the United States of America with an area of at least 697,200 km square. The state has an old history relating to civil unrest and wars and got license in 1836. However, it got included in the territory of the United States later in 1861. Since then the state of Texas has been suffering from the problem of poverty. The nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate can be marked as a difficult era for the state of Texas as major developments made in the region attracted the population towards the state. This made the state undergo a mo re financial crisis. This essay would further discuss the changes in the rate of poverty in accordance with the nineteenth century.The early nineteenth century marked a development era for the state of Texas and only in this era was natural resources found in the state. In 1901 the first Oilwell was found in the state of Texas and this developed the state further. ... The poverty rate by the 1920s was stabilized however, after the great depression in 1929 things began to change again for the residents of Texas. As the Texan economy was recovering from the blow of Great Depression another disaster struck the state which is known as Dust Bowl which took come to the fore in the 1930s. This forced many of the residents living in Texas to move further towards other parts of America to survive. The new president took notice of the disasters after acquiring elected in 1933 and sought out deals to revive the economy. President Roosevelt provided the poor and displaced people with incentive s and tried to stabilize the economy once again. The poverty rate in the state of Texas once again had stabilized as many people left the state after the disasters looking for better options. However, on the contrary, many immigrants excessively entered the densely populated area of Texas to look for a way to survive and this created difficulties for the state of Texas. The problem of poverty rose up to a certain take aim that it was once again taken into notice by the government in the 1950s and 1960s. Poverty in the United States at that time was defined as the relative income which a family would need to attain certain necessities of life in order to survive. The people who suffered poverty in the 1960s could not afford square-toed health and educational facilities in the state and these people were usually counted in the group of the poor ones.

Estee Lauder Essay Example for Free

Estee lauder EssayThe ph geniusr cuckolds a variety of beauty and hair-c are products and currently employs 31,300 people. Over the personal line of credit of its livelihood meter, the company has bought or merged with many famous beauty brands. Some of the more recogniz equal companies that are a part of the Estee laudator family include Clinque, Aramis, La Mer, Origins, Bumble and Bumble, Aveda, and Bobbi Brown.In 2006, they were marketing their products to e very(prenominal)place 130 countries, and in kinsfolk, they made agreements with the popular designers, Coach and Missoni, to pee their fragrances. Also in 2006, Estee laudator sold their opus line, Stila, as it was not generating enough revenue. In 2007, they acquired Ojon, a popular Canadian hair-care company, but sold their Rodan + Field brands. Sales began growing tremendously in china and Russia and helped the companys overall sales grow nine percent from the previous year.The company excessively announced that Frabrizio Freda, originally from Proctor and Gamble, would be get hold their early president and chief operating officer starting in 2008. In 2008, Estee laudator hired Omnicon Media Groups M2M as their advertising agency in twelve different countries including places in Europe and Asia. During 2008 Estee Lauder too introduced their Time Z superstar Line and Wrinkle Reducing Moisturizers which were clinically proven to reduce the grates visible age. The company also opened up a brand new facility in Ontario for manufacturing and development.Situational Analysis During the months of September, October, November, and celestial latitude, Estee Lauder announce the followers products repeat Wear delineate, move on dark come to, Double Wear authorship SPF 10, Bold Volume Lifting Mascara, and Sensuous by Estee Lauder (perfume). The most popular items make known were the Double Wear Lipstick, which ran three different magazine ads, and the Advanced dark Repair which was fe atured several eons on the wiz-fourth pass across knave of magazines and in onward motional company emails. Situational AnalysisThe features of the Double Wear line include the option to choose liquid or powder makeup, the ability to create desired coverage, and a wide range of sunglasses for any skin type. The advantages of the Double Wear line are the twelve to fifteen hour staying force-out and that makeup is comfort equal to(p) to wear and silky smooth to the touch. The benefits of the Double Wear line are that the products contain SPF-10 and once the makeup is applied, thither is no take aim for touchups. The features of the Advanced Night Repair are that it prevents future aging damage from occurring and it reduces damage that has al pronouncey been done to skin.The advantages of the Advanced Night Repair include over twenty-five years of research behind the formula, Estee Lauders exclusive Chronolux Technology, and it has over 20 patents worldwide- so you displace t find it anywhere else. The benefits of Advanced Night Repair are the dramatic reduction in the visible signs of aging on the face. Estee Lauder sells a variety of beauty care products as well as the ones that are advertised. They sell makeup for the face, eyes, and lips, along with tools much(prenominal) as makeup brushes, makeup remover, and nail polish.They also sell many skincare products for different needs, such as firming, age-prevention, anti-wrinkle, moisturizers, and the evening out of skin tone. They also have a luxury line called Re-Nutriv that contains an assortment of makeup and skincare that contain real gemstones inwardly their formulas. Estee Lauder also sells fragrances for men and women. Many gift sets that contain a mixture of skincare, perfume, and makeup are also offered for reduced prices. Estee Lauders purport market is defined by several categories, the broadest being females.This is due to the fact that most of Estee Lauders products are catered toward s females. Since many of Estee Lauders products strike anti-aging, their node should be interested in preserving their youth therefore, the target market age is a more mature muliebrity, in her thirties or elderly. The income of these women can range from average to a high income, as the prices of their products range from $20 to $ molar concentration. Two consumer categories from VALS II that describe the Estee Lauder target market are Achievers and Actualizers. Achievers deprivation premium products which Estee Lauder can offer them.They like to try a variety of products, and even though they may brand hop, Estee Lauder k directs they will come back due to their high quality products. Actualizers make the most money so Estee Lauder looks to them to buy their luxury line, ReNutriv, which can cost up to $1000 for an 8. 4 ounce jar of creme. The Actualizers also like technology, so the company tries to attract them by advertising the science behind their new formulas, such as th e Chronolux Technology employ in their Advanced Night Repair. Two Retail Target Markets that pertain to Estee Lauders target market are uncorrupted and Update.Estee Lauder caters to the Classic Markets needs by offering exceptional service at their sales counters in specialty stores. The salespeople are very sack outledgeable and are willing to help customers find their perfect makeup match or skincare problem solver. The Classic Market also does not care whether or not a product is on sale, which is a reason why Estee Lauder rarely puts items on sale and is able to arouse more money for products. The Update Market is more fashion forward group who want to keep up with trends. Estee Lauder advertises generally in womens fashion magazines in order to catch the attention of this market.Since the Update Market favors shopping in department stores, Estee Lauder puts their sales counters in stores like Macys, and ecclesiastic and Taylor. They also put their counters up in more upsc ale department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman and Nordstrom. One of Estee Lauders competitors is Lancome, who is a part of the LOreal brand. Lancome offers similar products and services as Estee Lauder and at competing prices. Lancome even has an equivalent of Estee Lauders Advanced Night Repair which is called Genifique. Both companies advertise in the first place in the same magazines, and therefore have the same target market.Lancome also has sales counters in the same department stores as Estee Lauder and the devil are often located near each another(prenominal). They also offer similar gift sets at reduced prices and have the same free gift with barter for sales promotions. Development of Creative Strategy Estee Lauders publicizings in magazines are usually two rapscallions or are on the second and fourth cover scallywags. In American magazines, the advertisements are all bleed ads and their backgrounds are very dark colors, usually a navy no-good or black. For instan ce, the Double Wear Lipstick, Sensuous by Estee Lauder, and Double Wear Makeup SPF 10 ads all have a black background.All of the Advanced Night Repair advertisements have a navy blue background and also have a picture of a DNA ladder behind the photograph of the product. However, in the November 2009 issue of U. K Cosmo, the companys advertisement for their Bold Volume Lifting Mascara has a golden yellow background. The product (Bold Volume Lifting Mascara) was also hardly advertised in the U. K issue. No other advertisements for the product could be found in an American magazine. The text on all of the makeup magazine ads is white. The copeline, Estee Lauder, is always in all capital letters and is either on the very top or very bottom of the ad.The Double Wear Makeup ads always contain Estee Lauder (headline) on the bottom left field page under the picture of the model. The text on the perfume ad for Sensuous was in purple, and was probably due to the fact that the shirt that th e model was wearing was white. The headline of this ad was also in the middle of the page, which was very unusual compared to every other ad ran in this time frame. All the advertisements that contain a model seem to have the same one a beautiful, skinny, pale-skinned, brunette with b beneficial blue eyes and long, lightly wavy hair. This model is seen in every ad except for Advanced Night Repair.The model is always located on the left page. She may also be on the right page, but there will always be a picture of her on the left page as well. This is seen in the Double Wear Lipstick ad where the left page is mainly taken up by the models head and then the same model is also shown in profile which spans on to the right page. This same model also appears in email advertisements from the company and is also featured in the Virtual Makeup Tool on the Estee Lauder website. No matter when or where the product was advertised, the graphics remained the same.In the Advanced Night Repair ad, a en self-aggrandizingd picture of the serum is splashed across the page. In the Double Wear Lipstick ad, five lipsticks in various shades are in the bottom right corner. In the Sensuous ad, the eye is first drawn to the model, who takes up the entire page. The perfume bottom is located in the bottom right corner and is not instantly noticeable. In the Bold Volume Lifting Mascara ad, there are four mascara tubes and one brush located in the bottom right corner. The Double Wear Makeup SPF-10 ad contains pictures of a compact filled with pressed powder, and two liquid foundations again located in the bottom right corner.The Double Wear Lipstick line ran three different ads during this time period. The three ads were exactly the same except the sub-headlines and amplifications were different. In the September and October ads, the sub-headline read 12-Hour Staying Power. New Double Wear Lipstick. In the December advertisement, the sub-headline read, Double the Wear, Double the Color. N ew Double Wear Lipstick. There was only one difference between the amplification in the September and October advertisements. This difference was that only in October was the price of the lipstick shown.The amplification for it read, $22. 00 suggested retail price. The December ads amplification was completely different from the prior two, but still mentioned the same features, advantages, and benefits. All of these ads had the same action to take which was shop now at esteelauder. com. There is not much white space on these ads. The most noticeable white space would be on the back page of the Sensuous ad. The headline, Estee Lauder, is at the top in a large font. At the very bottom of the ad is a picture of the Sensuous gift corner that takes up the bottom forty percent of the page.In the middle of this ad, the sub-headline, Wrap her in warmth and luxury. Seductive Destination 82. 50, Worth over 120. 00, is centered and there is a great deal of white space around it, which allows the eye to focus on it. The objectives of the ad campaigns were to be informative and persuasive. Because both the Advanced Night Repair and the Double Wear Lipstick were new products, Estee Lauder wanted to make sure people knew about them. These were the two products they pushed the most in this time frame. Both products ads had more text than some of their older products in order to explain their features more clearly.Advanced Night Repairs ad give most of its space to several paragraphs explaining how the serum fixes damage caused by the environment and a persons genes. By being informative, Estee Lauder was able to discover people about their new products which then helped persuade them to buy them. They explained how they were the only people to have this new technology and how even scientists agree that their product deeds best. The execution style the ads used were slice of animation, lifestyle, and scientific evidence. Slice of life is used in the Advanced Night Repair ad when it says For every woman, every night.The product is supposed to be used nightly to reduce the signs of aging, so they stick that phrase directly into the advertisement to let people know that this is a product used in everyday life. The Double Wear Makeup SPF- 10 ad also uses slice of life in their ads. They read whether its a workday, a workout, or a weekend theres a Double Wear formula to keep up with your participating day which also shows that this makeup is perfect for every day, no matter what may be on the customers agenda. Lifestyle is also seen throughout all of these ads. Sensuous speaks to a male audience and tells them to Wrap her in warmth and luxury.Estee Lauder tries to show that the perfume is meant to make a woman feel luxurious and special when she wears it, and that it will enhance her mood. The Double Wear Lipstick enhances a womans life by making her life a little easier by not having to worry about the staying power of her makeup. They say glide it on once and dont think doubly, showing women that there is no need for touchups with this lipstick. Advanced Night Repair boasts that their product reduces the signs of aging due to past damage caused by every major environmental assault and will help prevent future damage.Scientific Evidence is also seen in the Advanced Night Repair ad. The ad says right away that scientists believe that DNA damage ages our skin too fast and that this product contains twenty five years of ground breaking DNA research and the newly patented Chronolux Technology which helps reduce the effects of aging. They then say its tomorrows technology- today, trying to make the product seem futuristic and more technologically advanced than any other serum out on the market. Scientific Evidence is also seen in the Bold Volume Lifting Mascara advertisement.The ad talks about their exclusive BrushComber that gives you all the thickening of a brush with the definition of a comb. All of these ads contain at least on e of these execution styles. These styles tie into the advertising objectives for informing and persuading consumers. The scientific evidence informs potential buyers of the new technology that only Estee Lauder has, while the lifestyle and slice of life execution styles try to persuade them to buy the products due to enhancements they will make in a customers everyday life. Media AnalysisThe media vehicles that Estee Lauder used to advertise were the magazines, Elle, Cosmopolitan, Cosmopolitan U. K, Self, Vogue, Instyle, People, and Glamour. They were also featured on department store websites, such as Macys. com and Nordstrom. com. Estee Lauder also sent out promotional company emails every couple of days to people on their mailing list. The oscilloscope for Elle Magazine is 1,105,456 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Double Wear Lipstick ad which consisted of two across-the-board page, colored bleed ads. The ask price for a colored, one page bleed ad during December is $138,17 5.Because they used two pages, the total cost of the ad was $276,350. The CPM of this ad was $249. 99. Elle Magazine is issued monthly, giving the advertisement a one month shelf-life. Estee Lauder also needed to order space in the magazine to advertise at least two months in advance, giving their ad a long lede time. Elle also has a high clutter due to the large arrive of advertisements it contains, making it harder for Estee Lauder to impact their customers. The reach for Cosmopolitan magazine is 2,907,436 customers.Estee Lauder ran their Sensuous by Estee Lauder ad and their Double Wear Lipstick ad in Cosmopolitan. The inquire price for a one page color ad is $215,900. Both of Estee Lauders ads were bleed ads, which costs 15% more, making them, $248,285. Estee Lauder also used two pages for their ads, and added a scent sample (prices not listed for additional insert), making the total price $496,570 per ad. The CPM of each of these ads was $170. 79. Estee Lauder needed to pay for their advertisements at least one month in advance, giving their ad a lead time of one month or longer.Cosmopolitan is a magazine that is issued monthly, so the shelf-life is also one month. Cosmopolitan is also mainly comprised of advertisements, so the there is high clutter and low frequency The reach for Self magazine is 1,516,075 customers. Estee Lauder advertised their Double Wear Makeup SPF-10 on the second cover page and the third page of the magazine. The asking price for the second cover page is $200,123. The spacious color bleed ad on the third page cost $97,100. The total price for this advertisement was $297,223. The CPM of this ad was $196. 05.Self is published monthly, giving the ad a one month shelf life. There is high clutter due to the large amount of ads in the magazine. The reach for Vogue is 1,298,480 customers. Estee Lauder ran several different ads with this magazine. They used the fourth cover page in October 2009 for an Advanced Night Repair ad. The aski ng price for the fourth cover page was $188,922. The CPM for this ad was $145. 49. Estee Lauder also ran their Double Wear Lipstick ad and their Advanced Night Repair ad which were both two page, color, bleed ads, which cost $302,266. The CPM for these ads was $232. 8 each. Vogue is also issued monthly, giving the ad a one month shelf-life. Vogue, like Cosmopolitan, is also mainly comprised of advertisements, creating high clutter. The reach for Instyle magazine is 1,738,787 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Advanced Night Repair ad on their fourth cover page. The asking price for the fourth cover page was $201,800, making the CPM of this ad $116. 06. Instyle magazine is published monthly, giving the advertisement a one month shelf-life and there is high clutter due to the large amount of advertisements within the magazine.The reach for People Magazine is 3,615,858 customers. Estee Lauder ran a one page color bleed ad in the September 28 issue. The cost for a one page color bleed ad was $266,780. The CPM for this ad was $73. 78. People is published weekly, giving the advertisement a shelf-life of one week. Estee Lauder had to send in their printing materials about twenty six days before the publish date, creating a lead time of about 26 days. The reach for Glamour magazine is 2,389,915 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Advanced Night Repair ad which was a two page colored bleed ad.The cost of a full page color bleed ad was $200,491. The total cost for this ad was $400,982, making the CPM for this ad $167. 78. Glamour is published monthly, giving the advertisement a shelf-life of one month. Estee Lauder had to send their ads in at least a month and a half before the publishing date, giving the advertisement a lead time of a month and a half or longer. Estee Lauder also sent out many promotional emails throughout the course of this time frame. These emails, however, were only for people who entered their names on a mailing list on the companys website.There was no clutter in these emails as they were directly from the company and only pertained to their products. These emails were sent out every few days, giving them a shorter shelf-life than magazine ads. Estee Lauder actively used sales promotions to sell products. They often offered free gifts with purchases over a certain amount. For example, in September, Macys offered a free gift radical filled with makeup with any Estee Lauder purchase of $29. 50 or more. This gift was advertised by Estee Lauder in the September 28 issue of People Magazine.Within this gift bag was a deluxe sample of Advanced Night Repair and two Double Wear Lipsticks, which were popular products advertised by the company during this time period. Nordstrom also offered free gifts with any $39. 50 Estee Lauder purchase in October. Customers had a choice of four bags filled with goodies that either lifted, reduced, toned, or prevented aging. This gift bag was cute at $125. In their own promotional emails, Estee Laude r also advertised free shipping on their website with purchases over $50. They also gave three free samples of the customers choice with any purchase.During November, Estee Lauder had a free gift bag with purchase of $39. 50 that was also valued at $125. Customers were also able to choose their own skincare and makeup shades for their gift. Once this promotion was over, they moved on to their Color Spectacular Promotion. With any Estee Lauder fragrance purchase, customers were able to buy the Estee Lauder Color Spectacular Cosmetic Traveler for only $55. This Traveler contains twenty five shades of eye shadows and blushes, mascaras, eyeliners, lipsticks, brushes, a travel mirror, and two cases, making it worth over $340.This promotion started on November 16th on Estee Lauders website. The promotion started being offered at Macys on November 20th. This promotion is still currently in progress. Financial Overview During the past three years, Estee Lauders total sales have risen by ove r one billion dollars. The total sales increased from $6,463,800,000 in 2006 to $7,910,800,000 in 2008. Their net income has also increased dramatically. Three years ago, their net income was $244,200,000. Last year, their net income rosebush to $473,800,000. Conclusion No evidence of pre-testing or post-testing has been found in research for Estee Lauder.Estee Lauder has been working on both market penetration and production development. Their older skincare and makeup products have done extremely well in the past three years and their sales continue to grow at a steady rate. They have also introduced new skin care products as a part of their product development which will also have a dramatic effect on their sales. Although the United States and the Americas has continuously been the number one country in terms of sales, Estee Lauder has been focusing more on change magnitude their market shares in the Asia-Pacific region. This is due to the down turn in the economy that has bee n happening over the past two years in the United States. They apprehend in the future that this area will soon become the number one buyer for their products.