Gender Differences in the Personality Development of Adolescents

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT PARENTING STYLES S. Sravanthi And Dr. M. Sarada Devi The get playing area was designed to investigate the gender going aways in the disposition ontogenesis of adolescents belonging to different p atomic number 18nting ardors. The prototype comprised of 180 adolescents (60 democratic, 60 bailable and 60 authoritarian parents and their children who comprised of equal number of boys and girls). MAP Series (Teenage Form) coating 20 dimensions was used for data collection.The results revealed that boys belonging to democratic parenting style had high temperament development in all the dimensions followed by permissive parenting style. Adolescents belonging to authoritarian parents had low scores on disposition development than the adolescents with democratic and permissive parents. INTRODUCTION Parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviours that work distributively an d together to influence the child come oncomes.Parents occupy the most important place in the perceptual land of the child (Eisenberg 1996). Parenting is the most rewarding work of adult life. - Parenting styles are broad categories that can overlap, shift, mix and diverge overtime. Often discipline is considered as substantive for the growth and development of the child, Parental discipline is very essential for building healthy disposition of the child.The patterns of enculturation used by parents influence the childs constitution. *S. Sravanthi (M. Sc) Student, part of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, ANGRAU, Saifabad, Hyderabad **Dr. M. Sarada Devi Associate professor, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, ANGRAU, Saifabad, Hyderabad The term personality is derived from Latin word persona which think ofs, mask.Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his quality behaviour and thought. Adolescents are extremely personality conscious and highly motivated to improve them. Diana Baumarind (1983) has classified the techniques of disciplining in three fold scheme and the research focused on three of them 1) Authoritarian 2) Authoritative/ representative and 3) Permissive.The research indicates that authoritative parenting is associated with increase in attitudinal and behavioural indicators of academician orientation during adolescents, including greater engagement in classroom activities, higher educational aspirations and more than positive feelings about school compared to adolescents from permissive and authoritarian parenting style (MaccobyEE 1996). METHODOLOGY Sample The sample comprised of one hundred and eighty adolescents including equal number of boys and girls from three parenting styles i. e. democratic, permissive and authoritarian. The sample drawn was randomly selected from different high schools of Hy derabad city. Tools Used In order to find out the gender differences in personality development, MAP series (Teenage Form) consisting of 20 personality dimensions was used covering (adaptability, academic achievement, boldness, competition creativity, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism, innovation, leadership, maturity, mental health, morality, self-control, sensitivity, self-sufficiency, social warmth and tension).To find out the different parenting styles select by the parents, parenting interactional style questionnaire developed by Vivekan Reddy (1996) was used. Procedure Along with the Parenting Interactional Style Questionnaire self developed proforma to collect the general information was administered to the sample after collecting the data, it was scored and analyzed statistically utilize think ofs, S. D and Z values yielding the following results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of examine gender differences in the personality development of adolescents belonging to different parenting styles.Table 1 sexuality differences in personality dimensions of adolescents under democratic parenting style. S. No. Personality Dimensions Boys Girls Z Value pixilated S. D Mean S. D. 1 Adaptability 8. 3667 2. 1573 8. 0333 1. 5421 0. 8848 NS 2 academic Achievement 9. 1667 1. 7036 8. 3333 1. 6470 1. 9592 NS 3 Boldness 9. 1667 2. 3647 9. 0000 2. 0844 0. 2945 NS 4 competition 7. 9000 2. 5778 6. 6333 2. 3265 2. 6485** 5 Creativity 8. 5333 1. 6965 7. 9667 2. 7353 1. 2334 NS 6 Enthusiasm 7. 1333 2. 2242 8. 2333 1. 8511 2. 3086* 7 Excitability 8. 000 1. 4288 6. 9667 1. 8473 0. 9699 NS 8 General efficiency 9. 6000 2. 6471 8. 8000 2. 7089 1. 1767 NS 9 Guilt Proneness 7. 7667 0. 5854 7. 9667 2. 0424 0. 3854 NS 10 Individualism 9. 2000 2. 0578 6. 3333 1. 9911 4. 9936** 11 Innovation 8. 1667 2. 6403 6. 8667 2. 5560 0. 0666** 12 lead 10. 1667 2. 0525 8. 8000 2. 3253 3. 8302 ** 13 Maturity 9. kibibyte 2. 4403 9. 5000 1. 8892 0. 7221 NS 14 moral Health 8. 7333 2. 3479 8. 6000 2. 0443 0. 5865 NS 15 worship 8. 9333 2. 1485 9. 1667 2. 1348 0. 3629 NS 16 Self-control 8. 2000 1. 7695 8. 7333 1. 954 0. 7101 ** 17 Sensitivity 6. 7000 1. 6432 7. 3667 2. 2358 1. 3385 NS 18 Self-Sufficiency 8. 2000 2. 0745 7. 6000 2. 0611 0. 4042 NS 19 Social warmth 8. 6333 1. 7515 9. 1667 2. 1348 0. 0649 NS 20 Tension 5. 7667 1. 6333 6. 3667 2. 0424 1. 2781 NS score 163. 3667 8. 5439 158. 2667 11. 4649 1. 9666* NS Not significant Adolescent boys had high hateful scores on personality development compared to girls belonging to democratic parenting style. It was bare from the table-1 that adolescent boys had high mean scores on almost all the dimensions of personality development.This skill be due to the fact that boys were presumptuousness more opportunities by the parents for their development compared to girls. It mogul excessively be due to the gender role socializa tion practices used by the parents as boys to be assertive, independent and self-controlled in nature. This might also be influenced by the high parental expectations towards boys as they are the future breadwinners of the family. Adolescent girls had scored high on few personality dimensions such(prenominal) as maturity, morality, enthusiasm and social warmth.This might be due to the traditional society align up that girls are more matured than those of boys in the same age group and are cleanse able to take circumspection of the household activities. Boys of democratic parents had develop personality development compared to girls of the same parenting styles. This might be due to the fact that parents had provided more opportunities for boys compared to girls from the same group. Table-2 Gender differences in personality dimensions under permissive parenting style S. No. Personality Dimensions Boys Girls Z Value Mean S. D Mean S. D. Adaptability 6. 7000 2. 2614 6. 033 3 1. 9025 1. 2567 NS 2 Academic Achievement 5. 3735 1. 7367 6. 9333 1. 7604 3. 4543** 3 Boldness 9. 0333 2. 3560 8. 9667 2. 7728 0. 2890 NS 4 Competition 7. 2000 3. 0103 6. 3667 1. 9384 0. 8297 NS 5 Creativity 8. 9333 1. 9106 7. 8667 2. 4877 1. 6140 NS 6 Enthusiasm 7. 9000 2. 4262 5. 8667 2. 0965 4. 8871** 7 Excitability 8. 5000 1. 8892 6. 7333 2. 2733 3. 4582** 8 General Ability 7. 4000 3. 6446 6. 8333 2. 6008 0. 7051 NS 9 Guilt Proneness 7. 7667 1. 8323 7. 8333 3. 2065 0. 1006 NS 10 Individualism 9. 333 1. 6750 8. 3667 1. 8096 1. 9580 NS 11 Innovation 8. 2000 1. 9722 6. 4333 1. 7157 2. 3007* 12 Leadership 8. 1333 2. 1292 7. 9333 1. 6595 1. 6901 NS 13 Maturity 6. 2667 2. 0833 8. 3000 2. 3947 3. 5687** 14 Mental Health 8. 3000 1. 9853 6. 7667 2. 2846 2. 6355** 15 Morality 8. 0000 1. 8383 9. 1333 2. 1930 2. 3070* 16 Self-control 7. 7000 1. 8965 6. 4000 1. 4288 4. 4091** 17 Sensitivity 8. 5000 2. 0129 9. 8667 1. 8889 2. 8000* 18 Self-Sufficiency 7. 6333 2. 0745 7. 4333 2. 4023 4. 32 97** 19 Social warmth 7. 3667 3. 784 7. 8667 2. 1292 2. 4020* 20 Tension 5. 8333 2. 9371 7. 7667 2. 5688 2. 7602** Total 160. 5667 17. 1096 147. 7333 9. 3521 3. 6521** Ns Not significant Adolescent boys belonging to permissive parenting style had high mean scores on personality development compared to girls. It was evident from the results that adolescent boys had high mean scores on almost all the personality dimensions such as adaptability, boldness, competition, creativity, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, individualism, leadership, innovation, mental health, self-control and self sufficiency.This might be due to the fact that parents aspire that the boys should study regularly and get good marks, go off the beaten track(predicate) higher studies because the cultural stereotype of male gender role as breadwinner persists in the country. Hence it was substantiate that personality development of adolescent boys was better compared to girls. Adolescent girls scored high on few personality dimensions such as academic achievement, guilt proneness, morality, maturity, sensitivity, social warmth and tension. This might be due to the fact that girls are good at verbal skills and thinking.It can also be due to the fact that girls are more emotional and empathetic in nature and good at interaction with others compared to boys. It had not shown significant difference between boys and girls with regard to rest of the dimensions such as adaptability, competition, creativity, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism and leadership. Table -3 Gender differences in personality dimensions under Authoritarian parenting style S. No. Personality Dimensions Boys Girls Z Value Mean S. D Mean S. D. 1 Adaptability 6. 1333 2. 0634 7. 6333 1. 9911 4. 1677** 2 Academic Achievement 6. 2333 1. 4667 5. 333 1. 8286 2. 2312* 3 Boldness 8. 8333 3. 0522 5. 5333 1. 2794 6. 2634** 4 Competition 6. 8667 2. 1292 5. 6000 1. 7340 2. 5698* 5 Creativity 6. 1000 2. 3540 7. 5667 2. 6741 2. 2935 * 6 Enthusiasm 7. 0423 2. 1930 5. 0333 2. 1891 2. 1353* 7 Excitability 7. 4333 1. 9420 6. 9667 1. 9737 3. 1265** 8 General Ability 6. 4667 2. 7099 7. 1333 1. 9429 0. 2785 NS 9 Guilt Proneness 6. 6000 2. 5134 7. 5333 1. 8520 1. 6654 NS 10 Individualism 6. 9333 2. 2427 5. 4333 1. 7357 2. 9466** 11 Innovation 7. 1000 2. 6438 5. 4333 2. 2234 2. 6878** 12 Leadership 6. 8333 1. 286 5. 6667 1. 7876 4. 8019** 13 Maturity 6. 8667 1. 5698 7. 3000 2. 5617 0. 8035 NS 14 Mental Health 8. 2333 2. 0957 5. 9667 2. 5391 4. 4567** 15 Morality 6. 6667 1. 7876 7. 2667 2. 5722 1. 0671 NS 16 Self-control 8. 0333 3. 1784 6. 1000 1. 4937 3. 0668** 17 Sensitivity 6. 8333 2. 2118 5. 9333 2. 0500 1. 2284 NS 18 Self-Sufficiency 6. 9333 2. 2118 5. 9333 2. 0500 1. 2284 NS 19 Social warmth 8. 5000 2. 7133 8. 6672 2. 2642 1. 5108 NS 20 Tension 8. 3667 2. 0424 10. 3667 1. 4735 4. 4241** Total 151. 1333 12. 2072 134. 2333 7. 9903 6. 4199** NS Not significantAdolescents boys had high mean score s on personality development compared to girls from authoritarian parenting style. It was evident from the results that adolescent boys had high mean scores with reference to almost all the dimensions of personality development such as academic achievement, boldness, competition, enthusiasm, excitability, individualism, innovation, leadership, mental health self-control, sensitivity and tension. Hence it was revealed that personality development of adolescent boys was better than those of girls. This might be due to the parental expectations and aspirations on adolescents that differ on both genders.It might also be due to the roles taken up by adolescents in household activities such as girls pickings care of cleaning, cooking where as boys going out for buying groceries and paying the bills and technical work and so on Adolescent girls had scored high on few dimensions such as adaptability, creativity, maturity, morality sensitivity, social warmth and tension. This might be due t o the result of gender role socialization practices such as girls are skilled to become good home markers and they are quick in absorbing the models from their parents compared to boys.Both boys and girls were on par in personality dimensions such as general ability and guilt proneness as there was no significant difference found between the two genders. The present findings are in line with the study conducted by Chowdhary et al. (1995), which revealed that girls required more support from their parents, and their needs were more as compared to boys. In a study on parents gender differentiated socialization practices concluded that, parents do hence reinforce gender-typed behaviour such as play, activity, and toy choices (Maccoby & Jacklin 1974).FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION Significant differences were noticed in personality development of adolescent boys and girls belonging to different parenting styles. Boys belonging to democratic parents had better personality development compared to girls. Where as the adolescents belonging to authoritarian parenting style had low personality development than the adolescents of democratic and permissive parenting styles. On the on the whole it was evident that democratic parenting style was found to have significant positive influence on personality development of the adolescents.Hence from the results it was clear that democratic parenting style was best-suggested to develop personality development among the adolescents. Bibliography Baumrind D 1967 Child care practices anticipating patterns of pre-school behaviour. Genetic psychology monographs 75 43-88. Chowdhary, Aparijitha, Muni and Kumari A 1995 Roles of parental support in Childrens, need satisfaction and academic achievement. Journal of Community Guidance and Research 12 (2) 135-144. Maccoby E E and Martin J A 1996 socialisation in the context of the family, Parent child interaction, Newyork, Handbook of psychology. Ed 4th Edition 1-101.